Pseudobulbs have dark spots or marks

Symptom/Detail	Link/Cause	Description/Solution
Pseudobulbs have brown or black "bruises"	Fungal rot	Orchids are prone to this problem, usually during colder months of the year. Alternatively, bruising can occur if the plant is dropped or damaged in any way. If the problem appears to spread beyond the original areas, then remove affected pseudobulbs with a clean sharp knife, cutting 1/4-inch into healthy tissue. Any cut areas should be treated with fungicide to help the wound to seal up properly. Keep the plant in a warmer area and reduce watering somewhat until recovery is complete.
Pseudobulbs turned brown or black starting from the base	Rhizome rot	Cattleya family plants are particularly prone to this problem, especially during colder months of the year. Remove the affected pseudobulbs with a clean sharp knife, cutting 1/4-inch into healthy tissue. Any cut areas should be treated with fungicide to help the wound to seal up properly. Keep the plant in a warmer area and reduce watering somewhat until recovery is complete. This problem progresses quickly, often killing the plant in a matter of days.
Stems or leaves have developed blackened areas.	Cold damage leading to fungal rot	This tends to occur only during the winter months, when plant parts come into contact with a cold window pane. Relocate the plant to a warmer area during the winter months, and refer to the information above if the area starts to spread.
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